Current Affairs (National & International)
🟢 Lite — Quick Review (1h–1d)
Rapid summary for last-minute revision before your exam.
Current Affairs — Key Facts for SPSC (Sindh)
- SPSC exams frequently test recent events from Pakistan and the world (past 12–18 months)
- Focus on summits, agreements, appointments, awards, and major policy changes
- Keep track of Pakistan’s diplomatic relationships and UN/governmental organization memberships
- ⚡ Exam tip: CPEC developments, SCO/CAREC meetings, and Pakistan’s relations with neighbors are high-yield for SPSC
🟡 Standard — Regular Study (2d–2mo)
Standard content for students with a few days to months.
Current Affairs — SPSC (Sindh) Study Guide
Pakistan’s Current Affairs (Recent Developments)
Political Landscape (Recent)
Imran Khan and PTI:
- Imran Khan served as Prime Minister (2018–2022); removed via no-confidence vote in April 2022
- April 2022 – onwards: PTI supporters protested extensively; Khan called for early elections
- May 2023: Imran Khan arrested in Al-Qadir Trust case; sentenced in multiple cases ( Toshakhana, cipher case)
- August 2023: PTI workers clashed with military; party banned from using official symbol (cricket bat)
Shehbaz Sharif (PML-N) Government:
- Shehbaz Sharif became PM after no-confidence vote (April 2022)
- Coalition government of PML-N, PPP, and allied parties
- Economy focus: IMF bailout package discussions; currency stabilization efforts
- June 2024: General elections scheduled for February 2024 (held under caretaker setup)
Caretaker Government (Post-Election):
- Anwaar-ul-Haq Kakar served as Caretaker Prime Minister (August 2023 – March 2024)
- General elections held on 8 February 2024
- February 2024 elections: PTI-backed independent candidates won most NA seats (93+); PML-N and PPP emerged as largest parties post-coalition negotiations
9th February 2024 — Major Floods:
- Climate change effects: Record monsoon rains caused devastating floods in southern Punjab, Sindh, and Balochistan (2022 floods were more severe historically)
- 2024 flooding displaced millions; significant economic disruption
Economic Developments
IMF and Pakistan’s Economy:
- Pakistan has received multiple IMF bailouts (most recent: Extended Fund Facility)
- Current challenges: high inflation, fiscal deficit, foreign reserves pressure
- Inflation rate peaked at 38% (2023); gradually declining in 2024
- Rupee depreciation: USD/PKR exchange rate ~280–300 by late 2024
China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC):
- CPEC Phase II focuses on: industrial cooperation, agriculture, science & technology
- ML-1 (Main Line-1) railway project: major infrastructure under CPEC
- Gwadar Port: operational; free economic zone being developed
- Bahari Haq (Western route): connecting Balochistan and Gwadar to national network
Banking and Energy:
- Renewable energy projects: solar and wind projects under CPEC Phase II
- RLNG (Regasified LNG) plants operational for power generation
- Coal power plants: Sahiwal, Port Qasim — operational
Foreign Policy and Relations
Pakistan-India Relations:
- Tensions remain over Kashmir dispute
- 2023: Indian restrictions on Kashmiri political leaders continued
- 2024: No significant diplomatic breakthrough; tensions over terrorism allegations
Pakistan-China Relations:
- All-weather strategic partnership — China remains Pakistan’s closest ally
- Xi Jinping’s 2015 visit: upgraded relationship to “all-weather strategic cooperative partnership”
- China supported Pakistan on Uighur issue in UN; Pakistan supported China on Hong Kong/South China Sea
Pakistan-Afghanistan (Post-Taliban):
- August 2021: Taliban takeover of Afghanistan
- Pakistan-Taliban border tensions; ** Durand Line** disputes
- TTP (Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan): cross-border terrorist attacks increased
- Pakistan closed border crossings multiple times
Pakistan-UN Relations:
- Pakistan served on UN Security Council (2023–24 term as non-permanent member)
- Active in UN peacekeeping missions (among top contributing countries)
- Climate change: Pakistan highlighted flood crisis at COP28 (Dubai 2023)
Key Recent Appointments and Summits
| Event | Details |
|---|---|
| ** SCO Summit 2023** | Hosted by India (virtual); no PM-level participation |
| CAREC Summit 2023 | Kazakhstan hosted; focus on transport corridors |
| PM’sVisit to China 2023 | Xi Jinping and Li Qiang meetings; discussed CPEC Phase II |
| UNGA 78th Session | Pakistan’s delegation discussed Kashmir, Palestine |
| OIC Meetings 2023–24 | Pakistan hosted/represented at multiple sessions |
International Current Affairs
Key Global Developments
Ukraine-Russia Conflict (Ongoing since 2022):
- Conflict continued; 2023–24 saw ongoing military engagement
- Global economic fallout: food price inflation, energy crises
- Pakistan maintained a neutral stance while quietly engaging with both parties
Middle East Developments:
- Saudi Arabia–Iran rapprochement (brokered by China, March 2023): significant diplomatic shift
- GCC summits (2023–24): focus on economic integration
- Palestine issue: ongoing; UN votes on ceasefire resolutions
Global Climate Action:
- COP28 (Dubai 2023): first global stocktake; “transitioning away from fossil fuels”
- Pakistan Floods 2022: used as case study for climate vulnerability
- Loss and Damage Fund: established at COP27; Pakistan among first beneficiaries
Regional Organizations
SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation):
- Stalled since 2016 (India-Pakistan tensions after Uri attack)
- Afghanistan admitted 2007; 8 member states
- Sri Lanka crisis (2022): SAARC mechanism not activated significantly
Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO):
- Pakistan is a founding member (2001)
- 2023 SCO Summit hosted by India
- SCO includes: Russia, China, India, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO):
- 10 member states: Turkey, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan
- Focus on trade, energy, transport corridors
Major International Agreements and Summits (Recent)
| Agreement/Event | Date | Key Points |
|---|---|---|
| India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) | September 2023 (G20) | Counter to BRI; US-brokered |
| Istanbul Agreement (not applicable) | — | — |
| G20 New Delhi Summit | September 2023 | African Union admitted as member |
| Climate Finance COP28 | Nov–Dec 2023 | Loss and Damage Fund operationalized |
| ICJ Ukraine case | 2022–ongoing | Advisory opinion on obligations |
| New START | Extended by Russia/US | Strategic arms limitation |
SPSC Exam Preparation Tips
- Focus on events of the past 18 months before the exam
- Maintain a current affairs notebook with dates and key facts
- Note Pakistan’s positions on UN resolutions and OIC meetings
- Remember CPEC Phase II details — a perennial SPSC favorite
- Practice answering descriptive current affairs questions alongside MCQs
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