KCET 12-Hour Crash

Complex numbers as a+ib, algebra of complex numbers, modulus and argument, De Moivre's theorem, cube roots of unity, quadratic equations with real and complex roots, discriminant, and nature of roots.

Types of matrices, matrix operations (addition, multiplication, transpose), adjoint and inverse of matrices, determinant evaluation (up to 3×3), properties of determinants, and solving linear equations using matrices.

Fundamental principle of counting, permutation (linear and circular), combination, Pascal's triangle, binomial theorem (general and middle term), binomial expansion for positive integer indices, and arrangement problems.

Arithmetic progression (AP), geometric progression (GP), arithmetic-geometric progression (AGP), harmonic progression (HP), sum of n terms, infinite series convergence, and AM-GM inequality applications.

Units and dimensions, SI base units, errors in measurement, significant figures, vernier calipers, screw gauge, and dimensional analysis — foundational concepts for all physics problem-solving.

Motion in one and two dimensions — displacement, velocity, acceleration, equations of motion, projectile motion, relative velocity, and circular motion with numerical applications.

Newton's three laws, friction (static and kinetic), circular motion dynamics, tension, spring force, and momentum conservation — core mechanics for engineering entrance exams.

Work done by constant and variable forces, kinetic and potential energy, work-energy theorem, conservation of mechanical energy, power, and collisions (elastic and inelastic).

Dual nature of matter, de Broglie relation, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, quantum numbers, orbital shapes (s, p, d, f), Aufbau principle, Hund's rule, Pauli's exclusion principle, and electronic configurations.

Ionic and covalent bonding, VSEPR theory, hybridization (sp, sp², sp³, sp³d, sp³d²), valence bond theory, MOT (bond order, HOMO-LUMO), dipole moment, and resonance structures.

Modern periodic table, periodic trends — atomic radius, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, valence electrons, metallic/non-metallic character across periods and groups.

Cell theory, prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells, plant vs animal cells, structure and functions of organelles (nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast, ER, Golgi), cell membrane (fluid mosaic model), and transport mechanisms.

Mendel's laws, inheritance patterns (dominant, recessive, codominance, multiple alleles), DNA structure and replication, RNA transcription and translation, gene expression, genetic code, and human genetics (blood groups, colour blindness, pedigree analysis).

Digestive system (enzymes, absorption, assimilation), respiratory system (gas exchange, hemoglobin), circulatory system (heart, blood groups, circulation), excretory system (nephron, urine formation), nervous system (reflex, synapse), and endocrine glands with hormones.