Analogy

🟢 Lite — Quick Review (1h–1d)

Rapid summary for last-minute revision before your exam.

Analogy questions test your ability to identify relationships between pairs of words and apply the same relationship to find the missing pair. In SSC CGL Tier 1, 2-3 questions appear from this topic. The key is to understand the exact nature of the relationship between the given words.

Types of Word Relationships:

Relationship	Example	Explanation
Synonym	Happy : Joyful	Same meaning
Antonym	Hot : Cold	Opposite meaning
Part-Whole	Car : Wheel	Wheel is part of car
Function	Pen : Write	Function of pen is to write
Worker-Tool	Carpenter : Hammer	Hammer is tool of carpenter
Cause-Effect	Fire : Burn	Fire causes burning
Classification	Mango : Fruit	Mango is a fruit
Intensity	Dirty : Filthy	Dirty is less intense than filthy
Sequence	Monday : Tuesday	Monday comes before Tuesday
Geography	India : Delhi	Country : Capital

⚡ SSC CGL Exam Tips:

• Always find the relationship type first, then match
• Some pairs have multiple possible relationships — choose the most direct
• For synonyms/antonyms, think of one-word meanings, not explanations
• Consider parts of speech: noun-noun, verb-verb, etc.
• If two options seem correct, check for the most specific relationship

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🟡 Standard — Regular Study (2d–2mo)

Standard content for students with a few days to months.

Detailed Relationship Types with Examples

Type 1: Synonym Relationship Find the analogous pair for “Brave : Courageous” Options: a) Calm : Quiet b) Big : Large c) Run : Walk d) Happy : Sad

Answer: b) Big : Large Both are synonyms (same meaning)

Type 2: Antonym Relationship Find the analogous pair for “Transparent : Opaque” Options: a) Clear : Cloudy b) Light : Dark c) See : Look d) Water : Liquid

Answer: b) Light : Dark Both are opposites (Light is not Dark; Transparent is not Opaque)

Type 3: Part and Whole Find the analogous pair for “Chapter : Book” Options: a) Page : Book b) Book : Library c) Story : Novel d) Word : Letter

Answer: a) Page : Book Chapter is a part of Book; Page is a part of Book

Type 4: Function/Purpose Find the analogous pair for “Knife : Cut” Options: a) Fork : Eat b) Spoon : Cut c) Plate : Cut d) Chair : Sit

Answer: d) Chair : Sit Knife is used for cutting; Chair is used for sitting

Type 5: Worker and Tool Find the analogous pair for “Surgeon : Scalpel” Options: a) Teacher : Student b) Lawyer : Court c) Writer : Pen d) Artist : Paint

Answer: c) Writer : Pen Surgeon uses Scalpel; Writer uses Pen

Type 6: Cause and Effect Find the analogous pair for “Cigarette : Cancer” Options: a) Medicine : Disease b) Exercise : Health c) Study : Fail d) Rain : Flood

Answer: b) Exercise : Health Cigarette causes Cancer; Exercise causes Health (positive effect)

Type 7: Classification (Type of) Find the analogous pair for “Rose : Flower” Options: a) Dog : Cat b) Lion : Animal c) Mango : Yellow d) Book : Read

Answer: b) Lion : Animal Rose is a type of Flower; Lion is a type of Animal

Type 8: Intensity Comparison Find the analogous pair for “Angry : Furious” Options: a) Happy : Sad b) Cold : Hot c) Warm : Hot d) Big : Small

Answer: c) Warm : Hot Angry is less intense than Furious; Warm is less intense than Hot

⚠️ SSC CGL Common Mistakes:

1. Confusing synonym with intensity (big ≠ huge; they’re synonyms, but huge is more intense)
2. Mixing up part-whole with worker-tool
3. Not considering that some pairs have multiple valid relationships
4. Choosing a relationship based on examples rather than the specific words

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🔴 Extended — Deep Study (3mo+)

Comprehensive coverage with complex analogies and previous year SSC CGL patterns.

Complex Analogy Types:

Type 1: Double-Word Analogy “Painter : Canvas :: Sculptor : ?” Options: a) Museum b) Chisel c) Stone d) Museum

Answer: c) Stone Painter works on Canvas; Sculptor works on Stone Canvas is the material for painting; Stone is the material for sculpting

Type 2: Relationship Between Individuals “Teacher : School :: Doctor : ?” Options: a) Hospital b) Patient c) Medicine d) Treatment

Answer: a) Hospital Teacher works in School; Doctor works in Hospital

Type 3: Word to Follower “Lion : Pride :: Wolf : ?” Options: a) Pack b) Den c) Forest d) Meat

Answer: a) Pack A group of Lions is called a Pride; A group of Wolves is called a Pack

Type 4: Analogy with Numbers “16 : 64 :: 25 : ?” Options: a) 75 b) 100 c) 125 d) 625

Answer: c) 125 or possibly 100 depending on pattern Pattern 1: 16×4=64, 25×5=125 (multiply by position? No) Pattern 2: 4²=16, 8²=64 (not consistent) Actually 16:64 = 1:4 = 1²:4² = 1:16, 25:? = 1:4 = 25:100 (100) So 16:64 = 25:100, answer is 100.

Wait: 16/64 = 1/4, 25/? = 1/4 → ? = 100. Answer: 100 ✓

Type 5: Completing the Series Type “Sun : Star :: Moon : ?” Options: a) Earth b) Satellite c) Planet d) Mars

Answer: b) Satellite Sun is a type of Star; Moon is a type of Satellite (Note: Earth is a Planet, but Moon is specifically a satellite of Earth)

Type 6: Gender-based Analogy “Man : Woman :: Bull : ?” Options: a) Horse b) Ox c) Cow d) Buffalo

Answer: c) Cow Man corresponds to Woman; Bull corresponds to Cow

Type 7: Tool-Result Relationship “Bird : Cage :: Prisoner : ?” Options: a) Jail b) Guard c) Crime d) Sentence

Answer: a) Jail Bird is kept in Cage; Prisoner is kept in Jail

Type 8: Letter-Word Analogy “B : 2 :: D : ?” Options: a) 4 b) 6 c) 3 d) 5

Answer: a) 4 B is the 2nd letter; D is the 4th letter

Previous Year SSC CGL Patterns:

SSC CGL 2022: “Fan : Wings :: Wheel : ?” a) Move b) Road c) Spokes d) Car

Answer: c) Spokes Fan has Wings; Wheel has Spokes (Each component is essential to the whole)

SSC CGL 2022: “Book : Pages :: Computer : ?” a) Screen b) Keyboard c) CPU d) Files

Answer: d) Files Book contains Pages (information storage); Computer contains Files (information storage)

SSC CGL 2023: “Car : Garage :: Aeroplane : ?” a) Hangar b) Pilot c) Runway d) Fuel

Answer: a) Hangar Car is parked in Garage; Aeroplane is parked in Hangar

SSC CGL 2023: “Archipelago : Islands :: Galaxy : ?” a) Stars b) Space c) Universe d) Planets

Answer: a) Stars Archipelago is a collection of Islands; Galaxy is a collection of Stars

Advanced Analogy Strategies:

1. Elimination Method: If multiple options seem correct, eliminate those where the relationship is less direct or more metaphorical.

2. Most Specific Relationship: Choose the most specific relationship that applies to both words.

   • “Dog : Animal” = Classification (correct)
   • “Dog : Mammal” = More specific classification

3. Functional vs Material:

   • “Knife : Cut” = Function
   • “Wood : Table” = Material used to make

4. Alphabetical Position Patterns: A:1, B:2 → CAT:3-1-20 = 3 (or sum of positions) Check if letters are consecutive, same position difference, etc.

5. Verbs and their Subject/Object:

   • “Drive : Car” = Subject drives Object
   • “Read : Book” = Subject reads Object

Commonly Tested Analogy Pairs (High Frequency):

Word Pair	Relationship
Doctor : Hospital	Worker : Workplace
Farmer : Plough	Worker : Tool
Teacher : Chalk	Worker : instrument
鸟 Bird : Nest	Animal : Habitat
Fish : Water	Animal : Habitat
Eye : Spectacles	Body part : Aid
Sound : Ear	Stimulus : Receptor
Light : Eye	Stimulus : Receptor
Pride : Lion	Collective : Individual
Pack : Wolf	Collective : Individual
Bouquet : Flowers	Collection : Items
Universe : Galaxies	Whole : Parts
Cell : Tissue	Unit : System
Sentence : Paragraph	Component : Larger unit

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