Current Affairs

🟢 Lite — Quick Review (1h–1d)

Rapid summary for last-minute revision before your exam.

Current Affairs for SSC CGL refers to knowledge of recent events of national and international importance. The General Awareness section (Tier I, Paper I, General Intelligence and Reasoning) tests your awareness of current events and your understanding of your environment. Questions typically cover politics, economics, science and technology, awards and honours, sports, and important international summits and organisations.

Key Areas to Cover:

1. National Events: Indian government schemes, Parliament sessions, Supreme Court decisions, state-level important events
2. International Relations: Diplomatic visits, agreements with other countries, India’s position in UN/other forums
3. Science & Technology: ISRO achievements, Indian tech achievements, new discoveries, health-related news
4. Awards & Honours: Nobel Prize, Padma awards, Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna, Bharat Ratna recipients
5. Sports: Major tournament winners (Cricket World Cup, Olympics, Commonwealth Games), Indian athletes
6. Books and Authors: Major literary prizes (Man Booker, Jnanpith, Sahitya Akademi)
7. Economy: Budget highlights, GDP growth, RBI decisions, inflation data, banking reforms

Important Government Schemes (Must Know):

• PM-KISAN (income support to farmers)
• Ayushman Bharat (health insurance)
• Digital India Initiative
• Swachh Bharat Mission
• PM Awas Yojana (housing)
• Jal Jeevan Mission (water supply)

⚡ Exam Tip: For SSC CGL, current affairs from the past 6-8 months are most important. The exam is usually held in June-July, so focus on events from October onward. However, important ongoing issues (like major policies, geopolitical developments) may be asked from longer periods. Keep notes on government initiatives with their launch dates.

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🟡 Standard — Regular Study (2d–2mo)

For students who want genuine understanding and problem-solving practice.

Major International Organizations:

Organization	Full Name	Headquarters	Key Functions
UN	United Nations	New York	International peace, security, cooperation
UNGA	UN General Assembly	New York	Main deliberative body
UNSC	UN Security Council	New York	Peace and security (5 permanent members with veto)
WTO	World Trade Organization	Geneva	Regulates international trade
IMF	International Monetary Fund	Washington D.C.	Monetary cooperation, financial stability
WHO	World Health Organization	Geneva	International health coordination
World Bank	World Bank Group	Washington D.C.	Development financing
NATO	North Atlantic Treaty Organization	Brussels	Collective defence (military alliance)
G7	Group of Seven	Rotating	Economic cooperation of major economies
G20	Group of Twenty	Rotating	Economic cooperation (includes India)

Permanent Members of UN Security Council (P5): USA, United Kingdom, France, Russia, China — all have veto power.

Important Summits and Meetings:

• G20 Summit: Major economies discussions (India hosted 2023 in New Delhi)
• COP (Conference of Parties): Climate change negotiations under UNFCCC
• ASEAN Summit: Southeast Asian nations
• SAARC Summit: South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
• East Asia Summit: Asia-Pacific security dialogue

Recent Indian Parliament Highlights:

• Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023
• Forest Conservation Act amendments
• New Criminal Laws (Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam) replacing IPC, CrPC, Evidence Act
• Women’s Reservation Act (Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam) 2023

Science and Technology News:

• Chandrayaan-3: India became 4th country to land on Moon, first to land on South Pole (August 2023)
• Aditya-L1: India’s first solar mission (September 2023)
• Gaganyaan Programme: India’s human spaceflight programme
• Quantum computing advancements
• 5G rollout in India
• National Quantum Mission

⚡ SSC CGL-Specific Tip: General Awareness in CGL Tier I has 25 questions, each worth 2 marks. Questions on current affairs are typically 4-6 questions. In Tier II, Paper IV (General Studies) has more detailed current affairs questions (40 questions, 80 marks).

Common Student Mistakes:

• Confusing award categories (Padma Shri vs Padma Bhushan vs Padma Vibhushan)
• Mixing up different government schemes
• Forgetting the headquarters of international organisations

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🔴 Extended — Deep Study (3mo+)

Comprehensive coverage for students on a longer study timeline.

Indian Constitution and Political Framework:

Key constitutional amendments students should know:

• 73rd (1992): Panchayati Raj institutions
• 74th (1992): Urban local bodies
• 86th (2002): Right to education (article 21A)
• 101st (2019): Reservations for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) in higher education and government jobs
• 106th (2023): Women’s reservation in Parliament and state legislatures (Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam)

Major Supreme Court Judgements:

• Kesavananda Bharati (1973): Basic Structure Doctrine
• Maneka Gandhi (1978): Right to travel abroad as part of personal liberty
• Shah Bano (1985): Maintenance rights for Muslim women
• Indira Sawhney (1992): Mandal Commission implementation
• S.R. Bommai (1994): Federalism and floor test in states

Economic Terminology for SSC CGL:

GDP (Gross Domestic Product): Total value of all final goods and services produced within a country’s borders in one year. India’s GDP growth: 7.2% (FY2023-24), making India the fastest-growing major economy.

GVA (Gross Value Added): GDP at factor cost. GVA = GDP - Taxes + Subsidies.

Fiscal deficit: When government expenditure exceeds revenue (excluding borrowings). Revenue deficit: When revenue expenditure exceeds revenue receipts.

Inflation: Rate of increase in prices over time. CPI (Consumer Price Index) is the main inflation measure for India. WPI (Wholesale Price Index) for wholesale transactions.

RBI’s key rates:

• Repo Rate: Rate at which RBI lends to banks (currently 6.5% as of early 2024)
• Reverse Repo Rate: Rate at which RBI borrows from banks (currently 3.35%)
• Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR): Percentage of deposits banks must maintain with RBI
• Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR): Percentage banks must invest in government securities

International Indices and Rankings:

Index	India’s Rank	Description
Global Hunger Index	111 of 125	Measures hunger and malnutrition
Human Development Index	132 of 193	Life expectancy, education, income
Global Peace Index	39 of 163	Measures peacefulness
Ease of Doing Business	Was 142, now discontinued	Business regulations
Corruption Perceptions Index	40 of 180	Perceived corruption levels

Sports Achievements:

Cricket:

• ICC Cricket World Cup winners: India (1983, 2011)
• ICC T20 World Cup: India (2007)
• ICC Champions Trophy: India (2000, 2013)
• Indian Premier League: T20 franchise cricket

Other sports:

• Chess: Praggnanandhaa Rameshbabu (youngest GM from India), Gukesh D (youngest to reach Candidates)
• Badminton: PV Sindhu, Lakshya Sen
• Athletics: Neeraj Chopra (Olympic gold 2021 in Javelin)
• Hockey: Indian men’s team (Olympic bronze 2021)

Books and Literary Awards:

Man Booker Prize winners from India:

• 1997: Arundhati Roy (The God of Small Things)
• 2006: Kiran Desai (The Inheritance of Loss)
• 2008: Arvind Adiga (The White Tiger)
• 2022: Shehan Karunatilaka (Seven Moons of Maali Almeida, Sri Lankan)

Sahitya Akademi Award winners:

• Multiple Indian language authors annually

Jnanpith Award (India’s highest literary award):

• 2022: D. Jayakumar (Tamil)
• 2023: Sammandamage Kirtan Kumar Shukl (Sanskrit)

⚡ SSC CGL Pattern Analysis:

• 2023 Tier I: Questions on PM-KISAN, Chandrayaan-3, G20 summit (India), Digital India, PM Awas Yojana
• 2023 Tier II: Questions on GST, RBI rates, GDP growth, economic reforms
• Questions on schemes and government initiatives are consistently asked

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