Pakistan’s Foreign Policy

🟢 Lite — Quick Review (1h–1d)

Rapid summary for last-minute revision before your PPSC exam.

Pakistan’s Foreign Policy — Key Facts

Core Principles

1. Islamic identity
2. Security-first (India as threat)
3. Economic development
4. Non-alignment (historical)

Major Relationships

• India: Core dispute — Kashmir
• China: “All-weather friend” — CPEC
• USA: Complicated — War on Terror ally turned strained
• Afghanistan: Border issues, TTP
• Saudi Arabia: Strategic partnership

Key Organizations

• UNO: Founding member (1945)
• OIC: Founded in Lahore (1969)
• SAARC: Founded 1985

⚡ PPSC High-Yield: Kashmir dispute, China relations, OIC founding in Lahore.

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🟡 Standard — Regular Study (2d–2mo)

Chapter: Pakistan’s Foreign Policy

1.1 Kashmir Dispute

• UN Resolutions 47, 51 (1948-49)
• Line of Control (LoC) since 1949
• Shimla Agreement (1972): Bilateral resolution
• 2019: India revoked Article 370

1.2 Relations with Major Countries

China

• All-weather strategic partner
• CPEC: $65 billion
• JF-17 Thunder fighter jet

USA

• Cold War ally (SEATO, CENTO)
• Afghanistan War crucial ally
• Post-9/11 alliance strained

Afghanistan

• Durand Line (1893) disputed
• TTP based in Afghanistan

1.3 International Organizations

OIC

• Founded in Lahore (1969)

UN

• Founding member (1945)

1.4 PPSC High-Yield Points

⚡ Commonly Asked:

1. Kashmir: Core dispute with India
2. China: All-weather friend, CPEC
3. OIC: Founded in Lahore (1969)
4. Durand Line: Afghanistan border dispute
5. Nuclear tests: 1998
6. UN membership: 1945